تعلم وأتقن الإنجليزية بسهولة Level 5 - حشمت كمال
Level 5 [Meena] (H.K.)
In / At / on (position / place) [Meena] استخدام حروف الجر مع المكان
In : In a
(in the) : room غرفة, buildingمبنى ,
shop محل , garden حديقة, park مركن, town مدينة- قرية , country
دولة , water ماء , sea بحر , river نهر , row صف, line طابور- خط,
armchair كرسي بذراع, mirror مرآة , photograph صورة
فوتوغرافية, picture صورة,
street شارع, sky سماء, book كتاب. (H.K.)
Ex:
there is no one in the room. / I prefer to sit in the front row.
In : bed سرير, prison سجن , the hospital مستشفى.
At : at a
(at the) : bus stop(s) محطة أتوبيس,
traffic light إشارة مرور, door باب, window شباك, top
of the page أعلى الصفحة, bottom of the page أسفل الصفحة
,
end of the street نهاية الشارع , beginning
of the street بداية الشارع , back
(front) of a group of people (of a building) مقدمة أو
مؤخرة مجموعة من الناس أو مبنى //
party حفلة, concert حفلة موسيقية, conference مؤتمر,
meeting مقابلة, football match ماتش
كورة [Meena]
Ex:
Were there many people at the meeting?
at : home (the house) منزل, work شغل,
school مدرسة, university جامعة, a
station محطة, an airport مطار. Ex.: He is at home هو في البيت
On : on a
(on the) : ceiling سقف, wall حائط, floorأرضية , notice board لوحة
الاعلانات, grass نجيلة, top
shelf الرف العلوي, table ترابيزة, chair
كرسي, left يسار, right
يمين , left (right) hand side الجانب الأيسر (الأيمن) / on her nose
على
أنفها/ on a page على صفحة //
---
A place is : on the coast على الساحل (on a
river على نهر , on a road على
الشارع) , or أو ,
on the way to another place على الطريق لمكان آخر
//
His
house is on the river. بيته يقع على النهر
---
Corner : 1) In
the corner of a room في ركن من
غرفة
2)
At / on the corner of a
street على
ناصية شارع .
---
front / back : 1) In
the front / back of a car (or taxi)
2)
At the front / back of a group of people (building مبنى / cinema سينما)
3)
On the front / back of a letter (piece of paper) على وش/ظهر جواب (ورقة)
---
Arrive : 1) In a country or town.
2)
At other places (school , work , the hotel , the party)
3)
Arrive home. يوصل للمنزل (H.K.)
---
The end (the beginning) :
1) At the end of (at the beginning of) a
place or sth. . Ex: At the end of
the street / At the beginning of a book.
2)
In the end (in the beginning) so. did sth. , or ,
sth. was done ,
Ex:
In the end we decided to do it في الآخر قررنا نعمله/
In
the beginning I thought I would be able to do it , but I couldn't.
في الأول
افتكرت أني سأتمكن من عمله ، لكني لم
أتمكن [Meena]
--- To
(places) : Go to Egypt , travel to America , go to the
bank , return to Europe , fly to Moscow , walk to work , drive to the airport ,
sent to prison , taken to the hospital , go to bed , go to a meeting.
--- Home : go home , at home , come home , get home , arrive
home .
--- Go : on foot على قدميك / by: car عربة, taxi تاكسي, train
قطار , plane طائرة, boat مركب, ship باخرة, bus أوتوبيس, bicycle دراجة,
underground مترو الأنفاق .
--- Get :
get in (get out of)
a car , taxi . [Meena]
Get on (get off) a train ,
plane , boat , ship , bus , bicycle , underground.
H.W. Put 4 of the previous words in sentences. Ex.: He got in her car.
1)
________________ 2)
__________________
3) ___________________ 4)
________________
|
Verbs [Meena] الأفعال
بالطبع الأفعال هي أي شئ فيه حركة أو
عمل يتم مثل
walk
, run , speak , eat , write , drink .
أو بأسلوب آخر نقول أن أي كلمة
معناها "عمل أو فعل شئ
معين" تكون verb في حين ان الاسم كان مجرد اسم لأي شخص أو دولة
أو أي شئ محسوس أو مادي .. .. .
والأفعال نوعان: 1) transitive
متعدي : وهو الذي له مفعول به ، مثل: He drank
water.
2) intransitive
لازم : وهو الذي ليس له مفعول به ، مثل: The
water drops.
---
ويوجد أفعال مساعدة Auxiliary verbs ، وهي
التي تساعدنا في : 1) عمل أسئلة. 2) الإجابة
على أسئلة خاصة في النفي. 3) وفي تكوين
أزمنة (tenses). 4) وفي تصريف الأفعال ، وهي :
Be, have, do,
can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must
وهي تستخدم : 1) بمعناها كفعل مستقل. 2) وكفعل مساعد ليس له معنى خاص.
Let us take
verb "Work" , with the pronouns, in the present, past and future
Pronouns
|
Present
|
Past [Meena]
|
Future
|
I
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Shall work
|
You
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
He
|
Works
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
She
|
Works
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
It
|
Works
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
We
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Shall work
|
You
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
They
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
H.W. fill the
following table in a similar way to this table with verb "eat"
أملأ الجدول التالي بنفس أسلوب الجدول
السابق مستخدما الفعل "يأكل" (H.K.)
Pronouns
|
Present
|
Past
|
Future
|
I (H.K.)
|
Ate
|
||
You
|
Eat
|
||
He, She, It
|
|||
We
|
|||
وما يلي هو
كثير من الكلمات المتنوعة مع حروف جر متنوعة (اصطلاحات ثابتة) ، مع معانيها، وادخلها
في جمل :
الاصطلاح
|
المعنى بالعربي
|
مثال في جملة (H.K.)
|
Back up
|
يسند، يأيد
|
I backed up
him (him up) in what he said
|
Blow up
|
يفجر
|
They want
to blow up the car
|
Break down
|
يبوظ، يعطل
|
The car
broke down yesterday
|
Break in
|
يقتحم، يدخل بقوة
|
A gang
broke in the bank this morning
|
Break out
|
يهرب بقوة
|
A prisoner
tried to break out of jail
|
Break up
|
يكسر أو يوقف بشدة
|
They broke
up all what he had
|
Bring up
|
يربي
|
She brought
up her children well
|
Close down
|
يقفل خالص، يتوقف
|
His factory
closed down
|
Come in
|
يدخل
|
May I come
in? [Meena]
|
Come down
|
ينزل
|
After he
had come down of the mountain, he went home
|
Come up
|
يصعد، يطلع ب(فكرة)
|
He came up
with a good idea
|
Count on
|
يعتمد على
|
I count on
your promise
|
Cry out
|
يصرخ، يصيح بصوت عالي
|
He cried
out saying "help us"
|
Cross off
|
يشطب، يمحو
|
They
crossed off his name
|
Cut down
|
يقلل
|
She tried
to cut down swimming
|
Cut off
|
يقطع ويفصل
|
He cut off
the book into pieces
|
Drive off
|
يسوق لبعيد
|
Drive off
this place quickly
|
Figure out
|
يفهم، يتخيل
|
Try to
figure out what she means
|
Fill in
|
يملأ
|
Fill in
this form please (H.K.)
|
Find out
|
يكتشف، يعرف
|
I can't
find out what the cause is
|
Get in
|
أدخل
|
Get in the
house and bring it to me
|
Get out
|
أخرج
|
Get out of
my house
|
Get back
|
ارجع
|
Get back
home and do your homework
|
Get through
|
يجتاز، يمر خلال
|
Can you get
through this narrow door?
|
Go by
|
يمر ب
|
When you go
him, see what he does
|
Get up
|
ينهض، يقوم
|
Sometimes I
get up before
|
Give away
|
يعطي، يتخلص من
|
It is good
to give away your old clothes to the poor
|
Give up
|
يستسلم، يتوقف
|
You must have
hope , don't give up
|
Grow up
|
ينمو
|
I grew up
in the country
|
Hang up
|
يقفل السكة
|
He hung up
on me
|
Hold on
|
ينتظر
|
Hold on
I'll call him
|
Lay before
|
يعرض أمام
|
Lay it
before him
|
Lay up
|
يدخر
|
lay up
treasures in heaven
|
Let down
|
يخجل
|
He let her
down in front of her friends
|
Look at
|
ينظر إلى
|
Look at me
|
Look to
|
يهتم ب
|
He looked
to the reward
|
Look into
|
يفحص
|
He looked
into family matters
|
Look out
|
يحترس، يراقب
|
Look out ,
it's dangerous
|
Look for
|
يبحث عن
|
look for my
pen , I can't find it
|
Look up
|
يفتش على، يجد
|
Loop up
this word in the dictionary
|
Look off
|
يودع
|
I want to
look him off before he leaves
|
Look about
|
ينظر حوله
|
Look about
try to find something
|
Look after
|
يهتم ب
|
She looked
after her father when he was sick
|
Pass away
|
يموت
|
They passed
away in a bad accident
|
Put off (put
out)
|
يطفئ
|
Put off the
fire [Meena]
|
Send for
|
يرسل في طلب
|
We send for
a doctor right after he had fainted
|
Speak up
|
يتكلم بصوت عالي
|
Speak up
that we may hear
|
Take upon
oneself
|
يأخذ على عاتقه
|
He takes
upon himself to save her
|
Wait at
|
يخدم
|
She waits
at that table (H.K.)
|
Wait for
|
ينتظر
|
I've been
waiting for you for 2 hours
|
Wait on
|
يخدم
|
He waits on
the Lord
|
ثم أفعال وكلمات مع أكثر من حرف جر (أو أكثر من أداة) Phrasal verbs with two Particles
الاصطلاح
|
المعنى بالعربي
|
مثال في جملة [Meena]
|
Come up
with
|
يطلع ب(فكرة)
|
He came up
with a good idea
|
Keep up
with
|
يلاحق، يجاري
|
She
couldn't keep up with him when he was running fast
|
Look down
upon (on)
|
يحتقر، يتعالى على
|
He looks
down on some poor people
|
Cut down on
|
يقلل
|
She cut
down on smoking
|
H.W. Write the
Arabic meanings of any 6 of the previous sentences :
1) ________________ 2)
__________________
3) _________________ 4)
________________
5) _______________ 6)
_______________
|
متنوعات هامة
1) يمكن استخدام shall بدل will والعكس في حالات معينة هي :
---
We put shall instead of will when : (H.K.)
Promise وعد : You
shall have the money very soon.ستأخذ النقود
قريبا جدا
Threat تهديد: If
you do that again you shall be punished إذا فعلت هذا ثانيا ستعاقب
Order (command) أمر،
وصية :
You shall not steal لا تسرق
Determination تحديد : The enemy shall not pass. العدو لا يجب أن يمر
---
We put will instead of shall when :
Promise
: We will send them a present. سنرسل لهم
هدية
Willingness تمني، مشيئة
: I will pay at the rate you ask.سأدفع بالمعدل
الذي تريده
--- Shall
I? (Shall we?) , has
often the meaning of "Would you like me to ..?" ex:
Shall I open the window?
--- Will
you? , has often the meaning of "Would you like
to .. ?"
ex : Will you
help me to carry this bag?
2) استخدامات
do (does , did) هي :
ا) لعمل أسئلة questions : do
you like it ?
ب) للنفي
negative [Meena] : no, I
do not like it
ج) للتأكيد
for emphasis
: yes,
I do like it
د) لتجنب التكرار to avoid repetition :
he likes it and so do I
ه) كنوع من الأدب والذوق for politeness : please do
come
ولشرح النقطة
(ج) أكثر نأتي بثلاث أسئلة فيهم do , does , did والإجابة
العادية عنهم ثم الإجابة التي فيها تأكيد : (H.K.)
السؤال [Meena]
|
الإجابة العادية
|
الإجابة التي فيها تأكيد
|
Do
you like it?
|
Yes,
I like it
|
Yes,
I do like it (Yes, I do. )
|
Does
he like it?
|
Yes,
he likes it (H.K.)
|
Yes,
he does like it
|
Did
they like it?
|
Yes,
they liked it
|
Yes,
they did like it
|
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